What would Europe look like if we split it into city states, where the largest population centre defines which city smaller cities belong to?

Population of 501,187

A map of European city states at a population threshold of 501,187

Population of 1,258,925

A map of European city states at a population threshold of 1,258,925

Population of 2,089,296

A map of European city states at a population threshold of 2,089,296

Population of 3,019,952

A map of European city states at a population threshold of 3,019,952

Population of 9,332,543

A map of European city states at a population threshold of 9,332,543